Teaching
Working Group Ethics and Critical Theories of AI
In our working group, we offer seminars and lectures on a wide range of topics.
The focus of our teaching is on a critical examination of AI and the digital society. In our courses, we offer both theoretical foundations and perspectives that touch on topics such as the power structures within the digital, systems of discrimination and the socio-economic contexts of AI.
Our courses are usually held in English and mostly hybrid (combination of online/offline) so that they are also accessible to external participants. If you would like to participate, just send us an email.
Classes
Due to a sabbatical, there were no classes by Rainer Mühlhoff in Winter Term 2025/26. Recordings of the last version from Summer term 2025 Introduction to the Ethics of are available.
Lecture: Introduction to the Ethics of AI - recordings summer term 2025
Supervision of Bachelor/Master/Ph.D. theses
Are you interested to write your bachelor, master, or Ph.D. thesis in the research group Ethics and Critical Theories of Artificial Intelligence at the Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück?
Are we the right advisor for your thesis?
We accept excellent and motivated students for supervision of their theses in the area of ethics of artificial intelligence and critical social theory of the digital society. We consider “ethics” and “critical social theory” in the broadest sense to include the following philosophical approaches:
- Ethics
- social philosophy
- political philosophy
- post-structuralism
- feminist philosophies
- post-colonial theories
- critical theory
- critical economics
- post-Marxist theory
- affect studies or philosopy of emotions (in some circumstances)
- you name it
Prerequisites
First supervision of bachelor/master theses in our group generally requires that you have attended the “Introduction to the Ethics of AI” lecture and 1–2 advanced seminars from the Ethics and Critical Theories of AI research group (see teaching program). Also, we highly recommend that you acquire some training in scientific writing, for instance, through one of the “Intensive Courses” offered as part of the Cognitive Science program.
Supervision of Ph.D. thesis is only possible for candidates with a documented specialisation in critical philosophy and critical ethical approaches to AI, please refer to the above list of fields and subdisciplines.
Standard procedure for writing your bachelor/master thesis in our group
For a bachelor or master thesis, you need a first and a second supervisor. If you do not have a clear idea who could be your second supervisor, this can be debated with your first supervisor.
If Prof. Mühlhoff is your first supervisor, he can normally offer you 3–4 supervision meetings during the process of writing your thesis. Proving that you can work largely independently (with some supervision) is an intended part of the examination process of your final thesis. You can find more details in the overview below.
| Phase | Description | Duration (recommended) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exploratory phase | Please start independently finding out what kind of topic or research question you would like to work on. Do some preliminary research to shape your question, e.g., by defining which literature/philosophy/sources you will be using and what exact research goals/questions motivate your project. As a result, please produce a mini-exposé for (each of) the topic(s) you contemplate for your thesis. | 1 - 3 months | |
Meeting 1 Finding a topic | Based on your mini-exposé(s) we discuss your ideas and make a choice for your topic. You will receive feedback on how to finalise the mini-exposé for that final topic. | ||
Consolidation phase | Based on our discussion of your idea(s) and mini-exposé(s) you finalise your research concept. The finalised mini-exposé will serve as a fixed plan for your project. | 1 month | |
Meeting 2 Topic consolidation | You present your final mini-exposé that outlines your project. The mini-exposé now includes a clear research goal/question, a motivation for the goal/question, the corpus of phenomena and literature to be used, as well as a preliminary table of contents that serves as a working plan. When your mini-exposé is complete you will also have to register your thesis with the examination office before you can proceed. | ||
| Writing phase | After registration, you start writing your thesis according to the work plan. Please start with one chapter (typically not the introduction but one of the earlier and more fundamental chapters). | 1 month | |
Treffen 3 | In some cases we will offer you to have another supervision meeting to discuss your writing skills. This meeting will usually be scheduled once you finished a first chapter of your thesis which you will hand in to us before the meeting. We might also use this meeting to re-evaluate your work plan. | ||
| Writing phase | You continue writing independently on your thesis. | rest of your time until deadline | |
Meeting 4 Last mile | When you are 80% finished you schedule another meeting in which you show what you have done. The purpose is to give you some final feedback. It makes sense to have this meeting late enough in your writing process so that you can really present a considerable part of your thesis. At the same time, the meeting should be early enough so that you are still able to incorporate feedback and make some bigger changes (if recommended). | ||
| Finishing | Potentially implementing the feedback from the final meeting, you finish your thesis. Please also take care of proofreading and adequate layouting in the end. Finally, you hand in your thesis to the examination office and also as a PDF to both your supervisors. | 2 weeks | |
| To schedule appointsments, please use the booking tool on the office consultation hours page. | |||
Meetings take 30 minutes and should be on point. For you to take the most out of your supervision meetings, we request you to take the following steps for preparation and de-briefing:
| Timing | Task |
|---|---|
Preparation / | Clear your mind what exactly you want to debate in the meeting, what questions you have and what it is that you would like to take away from the meeting. Create a brief agenda for the meeting (1–4 discussion points / goals for the meeting). 24h before the meeting, send me an email including the meeting agenda, all relevant document that I might have to read (mini-exposé, chapter, thesis draft). Please mention the meeting time slot in the subject line of your email. |
| In the meeting | Please start the meeting with a 2 minute pitch that briefly summarises where you stand / what the state of affairs looks like, and introduce the first point of your agenda. Use the agenda as a structure for moderating the meeting. |
Post-processing / debriefing | After the meeting, please summarise all relevant results in a brief bullet point list. The summary should clearly flag out any todos or decisions that were taken. Please send the summary to me via email within 48h after the meeting. In case I have a different perception of the meeting results, this will give me the chance to interact with you for clarification. Otherwise the summary will serve as part of the briefing for our next meeting. |
- Use A4 paper
- Include a title page mentioning your name, Matrikelnummer, thsis title, thesis date, and the two supervisors.
- Include page numbers and include a table of contents after the title page.
- Use 11 or 12 point font size and 1.15–1.3 line spacing (not more).
- Use reasonable page margins of 35–40mm that can be used for notes and markup.
- Structure your thesis in reasonable sections and subsections that use numbered headlines.
- Use paragraphs. As a general rule, a paragraph is more than one sentence and less than one page long.
- Make use of direct qutation and indirect references to the literature.
- Use author-year referencing scheme and include a full bibiliography as the last section of your thesis.
Standard procedure for approaching us as a potential supervisor of your Ph.D. thesis
If you would like to do your Ph.D. in our research group, please first make sure it fits to our approaches and research interests. We cannot supervise topics on which we don’t have a clear expertise. Upon approaching me, please make sure to include substantial information about your project (e.g., a “mini exposé” as described below), your specialisation and training (what did you study?, where did you study?) and also infromation on the funding and timeline of your Ph.D.
Once you have made sure that you and your project fall within the above framework and meet the requirements, you should start to develop an interesting topic and write a mini-exposé. A mini-exposé is usually 1.5 to 3 pages long and contains the following information:
1. working title of the dissertation
2. statement on the topic. Ideally, your topic statement should contain two pieces of information:
- A description of an empirical phenomenon in the context of AI or digital technology that you intend to address critically or ethically in your thesis (e.g. an app, a service, a company, a business model, a current trend, ...);
- A small body of philosophical references (within one of the philosophical approaches listed above) with which you intend to discuss your phenomenon. Consider these philosophical references as the target discourse of your work, i.e. the discourse to which you intend to make a small contribution, either by applying the theory to the phenomenon or by pointing out the limitations of the theory.
3. description of the topic: 1-2 paragraphs, maximum 0.5 pages. Think of this as a kind of summary. It should state (a) your motivation, (b) the phenomenon or theoretical desideratum you intend to address, (c) the means (philosophical discourses/resources) by which you intend to do so, and (d) the aim of the paper. This can be brief and sketchy, but should give a clear idea. Make sure you describe both a phenomenon (b) and a theoretical context (c). Many students come to us with only a phenomenon in mind, but no idea of the theoretical dimension of their work, or vice versa.
4. structure of the draft: Using numbered headings and subheadings, note the structure of the paper as you envision it. This outline is not necessarily final, as it may change as you work on your thesis. However, the outline also serves as a work plan for the process of researching and writing the thesis.
5. time frame: When do you want to complete your thesis? Do you need a grade by a certain date?
6. a short self-presentation explaining why you have chosen to write a thesis in the field of AI ethics and to what extent you have specialized in this field during your studies. Please also include your name, degree program and matriculation number.
7. bibliography: List the most important references, both in relation to the "phenomenon" you intend to address and to the philosophical literature you will use for this purpose. This bibliography does not have to be exhaustive. It can be a mixture of texts that you already know (and that have given you your idea) and texts that you still want to read. It will help us to get a clearer picture of your philosophical background. So please don't make it so long that we "can't see the wood for the trees". The bibliography is self-contained and you will add to it as you go along.