Costa Rica is highly exposed to climate-related hazards, including floods, landslides, droughts, tropical cyclones, and coastal erosion. These processes increasingly affect communities, infrastructure, economic activities, and ecosystems, creating significant challenges for sustainable development. This presentation examines the relationships
between climate change, disaster risk, and territorial planning in Costa Rica, drawing on recent research and national-scale assessments.
The analysis highlights historical municipal disaster patterns, spatial variations in exposure and vulnerability, and the role of environmental and socioeconomic factors in shaping risk. Particular attention is given to hydrometeorological hazards, which represent the most frequent and costly disasters in the country. The presentation also explores how climate change may intensify extreme events and affect water resources, agricultural systems, and urban areas.
Finally, the discussion emphasizes the importance of integrating climate adaptation, disaster risk reduction, and territorial planning into decision-making processes. Strengthening land-use planning, ecosystem conservation, early warning systems, and local governance can contribute to building more resilient communities and reducing future losses. The Costa Rican experience provides valuable lessons for other countries facing similar climate and disaster challenges.
