Application

Have you found a job advertisement for a job or internship? On this page, we have put together some information on what you need to include in an application and other useful literature and links on this topic. Of course, applications can be very different and have very different requirements - this page is therefore only intended to provide a few general tips and examples, but is by no means intended to be exhaustive.

First of all: job advertisements often describe the perfect applicant. Don't let this put you off! You can rarely cover everything that is required. But that's not a bad thing! The basic qualifications should of course fit, but skills such as Excel knowledge can of course still be learned.

Most applications are sent by email these days. As standard, an application by email consists of a short text in the email and a cover letter, CV and certificates attached. Please note what else may be included in the job advertisement. Most job advertisements specify an e-mail address to which the application should be sent. If a contact person is also specified there, it is advisable to address the email and the letter of application to this person. It is important to choose a meaningful, informative subject (with the name of the job advertisement or, if applicable, the number for which you are applying) and to clearly name the attachments. The attachment should consist of one or a maximum of two pdf files. In one file, the structure can be as follows, for example: Letter of application, CV, certificates. With two files: Cover letter and CV (first file), certificates (second file). It is important that the cover letter and CV are clear and well structured. It is best to use a uniform layout and font size. You can either be creative yourself or use one of the many templates available on the Internet.

Application documents

Before you start preparing the application documents, it is important to read the job or internship advertisement very carefully. What are the core tasks? What are the requirements? Are salary expectations required? Is there a contact person? Should certain documents be sent along? If necessary, make notes on the tasks and requirements, which you can refer to again and again while preparing the application documents.

Source reference: The information on this page has been compiled from the comprehensive reader  "Berufsstart Bewerbung" (berufsstart.de, 2020).

The CV contains the facts about you. It should be up-to-date, truthful and well-structured. It should also match the job - again, pay attention to the job advertisement and sort out if something is not relevant to the job. For example, if you had a part-time job during your studies that fits well with the advertised position, this should definitely appear on your CV and you should refer to it in your letter of application. A two-week school internship, on the other hand, should be omitted if it is not relevant to the position.

The information about you should be easy to grasp. The basic structure is usually: dates on the left and text on the right. The career is usually divided into groups:

  • Education (studies, school)
  • Practical experience (internships, jobs, voluntary work, etc.)
  • Other qualifications (language and IT skills, further training, scholarships, etc.).

If necessary, private interests can also be included or the categories can be adapted depending on the job advertisement. If, for example, "experience abroad" is important for the position and you have spent time abroad, you should also include this as a category. Of course, your contact details should also be included in your CV. There are different opinions on the length - but as a rule, the CV should not be longer than two pages. Nothing should be mentioned twice. There are also different opinions on whether a CV should include a picture or no picture. There is a discussion on this, for example, in the  article from fluter. Some job advertisements now explicitly state that there should be no picture on the CV - so you should stick to this.

The letter of application should usually be one page long and should express your motivation for the position, describe your skills and experience, back them up with practical examples and present your personality. It should be clear why you want the job and why you are suitable for it. Again, it is important to pay attention to the requirements profile in the job advertisement and to address the tasks and requirements as well as any key terms from the job advertisement. The letter should not be a formulation of the CV. It should also not mention any points that do not also appear in the CV. A structure could look like this, for example:

  • Introduction: The beginning should be particularly strong. Summarize in one or two sentences why you are applying for the job and why you are particularly suitable for the position. The reader should want to read on. Introductory phrases are not necessary - it is clear that you want to apply for the job.
  • Main section: After the introduction, your most important qualifications and experience should be explained. Always make reference to the tasks and requirements in the job advertisement and explain what you cover and how, and how and where you acquired your knowledge and skills. Your enthusiasm and motivation should also be reflected in your words - use expressive words.
  • Conclusion: In the last paragraph, you can go into formalities (e.g. salary expectations, number of hours, starting date). End your letter with a polite closing sentence. The letter of application is usually signed (by hand or with a digital signature).

The attachments include certificates, etc. that are relevant to the position. You do not have to send everything you have, but select what is particularly relevant for the position and what you have referred to in your letter of application. However, a degree certificate should usually be included (as a Bachelor's student the Abitur certificate, as a Master's student the Bachelor's certificate). Do not send anything that is not on your CV and make sure that the scan quality is good and the documents are easy to read.

Unsolicited application

If you are applying on your own initiative, i.e. not for a specific advertised position, you should write a concise cover letter directly in the email and attach a short CV (one page). In the cover letter, you should explain why you would like to work in the institution/company and what skills and knowledge you have that are particularly useful and interesting for the employer. In the case of a speculative application, the initial aim is usually to arouse the interest of the institution/company and to be asked to send the complete application documents (see above).

Eine Bewerbungsmappe
© s-motive

Literature and link tips

 Tips for online job interviews - Job interview via Skype & Co

 Tips on all aspects of job applications - an application guide from berufsstart.de

 The application ABC - application podcast (ZEIT Campus)

 Article: "On the way to the GoodJob: The perfect letter of motivation" - goodjobs.de

 Article: "On the way to a GoodJob: The perfect CV" - goodjobs.de

 Article: "Cover letter: Samples, structure, examples + tips" - karrierebibel.de

 Article: "What do bosses look for?" - fluter.de

 Article: "Should applications be anonymous?" - fluter.de

The  Career Service project has also put together an excellent website on the subject of job applications.

Books from the university library

The books can be borrowed from the library ( online catalog of the university library) or downloaded as PDF via VPN.

 #BeWerbung: how to search for, find and get your dream job (Thomas Frey, 2020)

 Brainteasers for job interviews - 180 exercises for your comprehension, concentration and decision-making skills (Yevgen Lanzsuzovskyy, 2020)

 The first job applications for pupils and students (Tamara Schrammel, 2019)

 The application coach: from university to the job (Martin Sutoris, 2019)

Applying 4.0: your dream job in the digital working world (Vincent G.A. Zeylmans van Emmichoven, 2018) (see online catalog)

Integration into the labor market: Participation of people with support and assistance needs (Angela Rach & Silke Tophoven, 2020) (see online catalog)

Successfully applying at eye level - a slightly different practical guide for applicants (Eberhardt Hofmann, 2017) (see online catalog)